what goes wrong in cellular function to cause colon cancer
Colon (Big Intestine): Facts, Role & Diseases
The body has two types of intestines. The pocket-size intestine is connected to the stomach and handles the middle part of the digestion procedure. The big intestine, as well called the colon, is office of the final stages of digestion. It is a large tube that escorts waste product from the trunk.
Size
The colon is much wider than the small intestine, only is also much shorter. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the small intestine is 22 feet (6.seven meters) long. The colon is just 6 anxiety (1.8 yard) long.
This vi feet of dense muscle is divided into 4 parts: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon and the sigmoid colon. Each part represents a location in the broken rectangle shape that the colon makes in the body. The ascending colon is the right arm of the broken rectangle. The first of the ascending colon is chosen the cecum. The cecum is connected to the small intestine and the appendix.
The transverse colon is the tiptop arm that spans from the left side to the correct side similar a bridge. The left arm is chosen the descending colon. The sigmoid is the "broken" function of the rectangle that creates an Due south-shape that hangs off of the descending colon. It empties into the rectum.
Function
The function of the big intestine is to get rid of nutrient left over after the nutrients are removed from it, bacteria and other waste. This process is called peristalsis and can take around 36 hours, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
Kickoff, liquid and salt is removed from the waste as it passes through the colon. Then, the waste material makes its way to the sigmoid, where it is stored. Once or twice per solar day, when the body is fix for a bowel move, the waste is dumped into the rectum.
Diseases & conditions
There are many diseases and conditions that are associated with the colon. Colorectal cancer is cancer that occurs in the colon or in the lower colon nearly the rectum. It is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated death. The American Cancer Society estimates there volition be 93,090 new cases of colon cancer in the U.s. in 2015 and one in twenty will get colorectal cancer in their lifetime.
Polyps are an abnormal growth of tissue on the inner lining of the colon or rectum that are benign, non-cancerous tumors, co-ordinate to the American Cancer Gild. These polyps can sometimes plough into cancer, but many times do not. There are several types of polyps. Adenomatous polyps tin alter into cancer and are considered pre-cancerous. Hyperplastic polyps and inflammatory polyps are not typically pre-cancerous, though some in the medical community recall they may be signs of futurity colon cancer, according to the American Cancer Society. Doctors unremarkably remove all polyps, just in case.
Colon dysplasia is when a spot of cells on the lining of the colon look abnormal under a microscope. These cells are non cancerous, just can change into cancer over time. People who take had diseases such equally ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease for many years can develop colon dysplasia.
Spastic colon, also called irritable bowel syndrome, is more than than just a colon problem. It is the spontaneous contractions or loss of motility of the muscles in the small and large intestines, according to the Mayo Clinic.
Related: Diseases and conditions that touch on the colon and the digestive organisation:
- Colon Cancer: Causes, Symptoms and Handling
- Acrid Reflux (GERD): Symptoms & Treatment
- Appendicitis: Signs & Symptoms
- Celiac Disease: Symptoms & Treatment
- Crohn'southward Illness: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Handling
- Diarrhea: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments
- Gallstones: Causes, Treatment and Prevention
- Hemorrhoids: Symptoms, Causes and Handling
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Symptoms & Treatment
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Symptoms, Treatment & Prevention
- Lactose Intolerance: Symptoms, Treatment & Coping Strategies
- Listeria Infection: Symptoms & Handling
- Tummy Ulcers: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments
- Tapeworms: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
- Ulcerative Colitis: Symptoms & Handling
At that place are many ways to improve large intestine health. Swallow a healthy, balanced diet that is full of fruits and vegetables, consume fiber-rich nutrition, potable adequate amounts of water, do regularly and follow recommended guidelines for colon cancer screening and colonoscopies, Dr. Ajay Goel, managing director of epigenetics, cancer prevention and genomics at Baylor University Medical Eye in Dallas, Texas, told Live Science.
Supplements, such as curcumin and omega-three, can help reduce chronic inflammation, said Goel. Other vitamins can exist helpful, too. "Depression vitamin B6 levels have been associated with increased risk of certain cancers, such as colon and cognitive decline," Dr. Sherry Ross, women's health expert at Providence Saint John'southward Wellness Center in Santa Monica, California, told Alive Science.
A report shows that taking both curcumin and boswellic acids may help foreclose colon cancer. "We take known for a while that curcumin and boswellia both have potent anti-cancer properties," said Goel, one of the study's authors. "In this report, we investigated how they piece of work in conjunction to reduce proliferation and increase jail cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (various mechanisms by which cancer cells are killed). Nosotros found that the two together activate a broader array of gene regulators called microRNAs, with a wider spectrum of impact compared to either compound individually."
Colon cleanses
Many people use colon cleanses as a means to keep the colon healthy. This procedure includes taking laxatives, teas, powders or supplements, using enemas, or getting colonic irrigation (colon hydrotherapy) to flush out the colon. In that location can exist side effects to cleansing, and some practices can even be dangerous. Doctors have varied opinions on cleansing. The colon'south very function is to remove toxins, so many doctors and medical groups, like the Mayo Clinic, believe that cleansing is unneeded and propose against it or to utilize circumspection. Others, like Goel, believe they can be helpful.
"Yes, colon cleanses can be very helpful in eliminating/washing away toxins from the body, but ane must keep in mind that these cleanses (should exist) as natural every bit possible and exercise non utilise strong/harsh chemicals, as these may provide temporary relief, but in the long run can negatively impact your colon health," said Goel.
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Additional resources
- Mayo Clinic: Colon Cancer
- U.S. National Library of Medicine: Colonic Polyps
- U.S. National Library of Medicine: Chronic Diseases of the Colon
Source: https://www.livescience.com/52026-colon-large-intestine.html
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